Cervical Spondylosis

Understanding the Cervical Spine

The neck is made up of 7 bones (cervical vertebrae) separated by soft discs and supported by ligaments and muscles. These structures allow movement and protect the spinal cord and nerves. Over time, these discs and joints may wear out — this is called Cervical Spondylosis (neck osteoarthritis).

What Happens in Cervical Spondylosis?

The discs between the neck bones lose water content and become thinner
The edges of bones can form spurs (osteophytes)
Ligaments may thicken
This can narrow the spaces where nerves exit and cause nerve compression

Common Symptoms

Neck pain or stiffness
Pain that may radiate to the shoulder or arm or hand
Headaches (usually at the back of the head)
Tingling or numbness in arms or hands
Muscle weakness or clumsiness in hands (if nerves are compressed)

How Is It Diagnosed?

Detailed history and physical examination
X-rays to assess bone changes

MRI if nerve compression or symptoms in arms are present
Blood tests may be done to rule out other conditions like inflammatory arthritis

Managing Cervical Spondylosis – Step by Step

1. Pain Relief

Paracetamol or NSAIDs – only under doctor’s advice
Muscle relaxants if there is muscle tightness
Short-term use of oral steroids or nerve pain medication if required
Soft collar – for very short-term use only-long term use weakens muscles
Pain-relief gels or heat therapy

2. Activity Modifications

Limit activities that involve bending the neck forward for long periods
Use tall stools to reduce bending during housework
Take regular breaks while working
Reduce time on mobile phones or reading with head bent

3. Posture Care

Maintain an upright neck position – avoid slouching
Keep monitors at eye level
Use book stands to avoid looking down

How to sleep

Follow sleeping advice with proper pillows
Avoid sleeping face-down

4. Exercises & Physiotherapy

Start gentle movement and stretching as soon as pain settles:

Chin tucks
Shoulder blade squeezes
Neck resistance exercises

Follow a 3–6 month structured program provided by your physiotherapist or rheumatology clinic video

When Is Surgery Needed?

Surgery is rarely required but may be considered if:

Severe pain persists despite treatment
There is ongoing numbness or weakness in the arms
There is loss of coordination or balance

When to Seek Urgent Help

Pain spreading into both arms
Weakness or numbness in hands or fingers
Loss of bladder or bowel control (rare)
Loss of balance, dizziness, or visual disturbances
Fever, weight loss, or night sweats

Final Message

Cervical Spondylosis is a very common condition, especially as we age.
With good posture, activity modification, and regular exercises, most patients can control symptoms and avoid complications.

Early care is the key to staying pain-free and active.

Rheumatology